Statistical Testing of the Impact of Working Hours and High-Risk Work Essay

Statistical Testing of the Impact of Working Hours and High-Risk Work Conditions on Injury - Essay Example Active work participation and good supervision are some of the important aspects in ensuring hazards are identified and tackled. Nevertheless, training workers is important so as to ensure that they are aware of ensuring safety in their workplaces. In this study, an investigation will be conducted in respect to the relationship between injury rates and different conditions in the workplaces. Although many organizations have some means of preventing and controlling hazards in workplaces, the effect of some conditions such as the total hours allocated for working and the impact of sensitization on high risk work places compared to less sensitization in low risk work places is ignored in many studies (Kennedy et al, 2010). Therefore, this study will investigate the impact that variation in the number of working hours and lack of protective sensitization in low risk workplaces, have on injury rates in workplaces. ... For the degree of risk involved at workplace and injury rates H0: The degree of risk involved is positively associated with the injury rates; H1: The degree of risk involved is negatively associated with the injury rates; These tests of validity for these hypotheses on the basis of results and conclusions reached in the following sections enables the researcher to establish the relationship between identified variables in this research. Method and Results The number of actual hours worked by all employees in the area/team for the 12 month period ending December 31, 2009 were taken and recorded in an excel spreadsheets. Also, operations for supervisors differed in terms of activities and risks. Risk ranged from low (1) office related to high (7) manual material handling activities. Table 1 Risk Range 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Low ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? High This data was taken and recorded in an excel worksheet as well. Finally, the average rate of injuries per 100 employees over 12 month period was r ecorded on the excel worksheets. Among these variables, the injury rate was taken as the dependent variable while the level of risk and hours worked was taken as the independent variables. The aim of the study is to find out the relationship between injury rate on the one hand and hours worked and risk, on the other hand. In other words, the researcher formulated a statistical model to find out whether the risk and hours worked can be used to predict the rate of injuries in workplaces. The data collected in the excel worksheets are then imported into an SPSS sheet for statistical analysis. The analysis conducted under SPSS includes both descriptive analysis and

Egypt’s pyramid Essay Example for Free

Egypt’s pyramid Essay Egypt one of the earliest civilization is a nation embellish with rich culture and tradition, the pyramids being is a witness to their grandeur. Egypt’s pyramid is one of their pride; it depicts the power and glory of those ancient rulers and their influence. The pyramids’ brilliance is known to every individual but little of us knew how the pyramids were erected, what form of tools where used, how did they conduct the calculations considering that every angle of the triangle is perpendicular with each other, and what does the earliest pyramids look like. The Egyptian pyramid certainly has origin, how did they polish such wondrous creation and why pyramids vary in sizes. What is the underlying principle in building such tomb. Several studies were conducted in unleashing this pyramids enigma, yet some still was a mystery. The Pyramids of Egypt is distinct from among the wonders of the world. It has its certain characteristics, incomparable in magnitude, not only that it is the oldest man made creation from among the wonders of the world it conceals numerous historical records, the pyramid being is the door to unlock the secrets of Egypt’s antiquity. We have already uncovered some few material things on Egypt’s long forgotten past, but that is only a part of the larger feature of Egypt. The pyramids have in it some several encryptions which convey us about their tradition and belief in magical spells and hymns written in hieroglyphics form. It depicts the journey of the pharaohs in the afterlife. This compilation of hieroglyphics is called the Pyramid Texts. Aside from the ancient texts carved within the walls of the pyramids, pyramids also vary from each other on the physical aspect, such as its structure, its height and designs. The Pyramid of Cheops and Cephren is one significant example. We have witnessed in the records of history how ancient people revere much the final resting place of their loved ones. Similarly, in Egypt the pyramids are one of the most important objects conveying their belief in the afterlife. The pyramids that we used to have now only belongs to the greatest ruler of Egypt hence the Great Pyramids of Egypt, none of the pyramids ever survived that belong to other least rulers during the ancient time. Not only that the pyramids gain attraction on its concealed past, through the pyramids, some scientists dig the scientific engineering used at the time when the pyramid was built. It is genuine worked made by a brilliant mind. These are among the content of this paper. Based from previous researches, we will have to draw a general conclusion that will help address this problem. Body The Pyramids. Unlike many other temples that served as a house for the living, the pyramid serves as the eternal resting place of Egyptian kings and queens’ body and also a place for religious activity. According to ancient Egyptian belief, the pyramid where the mummy was placed provides for the monarch to pass the afterlife. The ruler’s body was carefully treated and wrapped to preserve it as a mummy. To pray for the soul of the dead ruler, the priests in nearby temples performed religious rituals in order to nourish the spirit, it is believed that the when the ruler died, the spirit remains to the body right after death. The Pyramid Texts were written in the walls of the pyramid to safeguard the soul during its journey. In the Egyptian Old Kingdom, most kings and queens draft for a design of their tomb usually with complicated structure made up of large stone and blocks. Yet probably because the materials were too costly, the size and quality of built pyramids decreased. In the Middle Kingdom, the Egyptians build pyramids out of mud brick. In the tradition, all pyramids were aligned to the cardinal directions which refer to the north-south and east-west location. Most pyramids were found in the desert plateaus on the west bank of the Nile River where the sun sets. According to belief, the dead monarch’s spirit will left the body and shall travel through the sky with the sun each day. When the sun will set in the west, the spirit will now settle into their tomb to renew their selves. Step Pyramid at Saqqara. Before the pyramids, the pharaohs were buried in tombs called the mastabas. It is a big, roofed, square building with walls that sloped gently inward. In the center of the building, a deep shaft was cut to which the burial chamber is located. There they stored the pharaohs’ significant possessions. In building the mastabas (â€Å"bench), the pharaoh needed much worker to work for his project. When there is dearth of workers, he sent out word to all his governors from different provinces. The governors in turn will send the word to every town and village and farmers from all over Egypt in order to come and work for the pharaoh’s project. The earliest known pyramid is the pyramid of King Djoser (Zoser) of the third dynasty. It was build with a giant steps like six mastabas stacked one on the top of the other looking like a rectangular wedding cake with six layers. Other pharaoh’s after him design their own pyramids trying to furnish a better pyramid than that of Djoser. Djoser Step Pyramid architecture was Imhotep. He commissioned a court official to design and build him a unique burial tomb. Accordingly, the building of the pyramid required two things which had never been done before: â€Å"the first was provided by a pacified and united country while for the second a unique human genius was required,† (Mendelssohn, 1979). Imhotep has advantage to this. Although he is not of royal blood, his official title as a purely self-made man was â€Å"Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, First after the King of Upper Egypt, Administrator of the Great Palace, Hereditary Nobleman, High Priest of the Heliopolis, Builder, Sculptor and Maker of Vases in Chief†, and he was an engineer before the word ever existed (Thomas, 2005). Imhotep brilliancy was praised by many intelligent minds during his time. He developed and controlled the logistics and persuades a group of thousands of men into a well-organized workforce capable of producing suppose to be the world’s tallest pyramid by a factor of twenty. Imhotep has long solved the problems such as the balance of the lateral forces in the gigantic pyramidal weight while pressing down on a square base. To address the problem, his masons slanted the inner stones of Zoser’s pyramid towards the apex to help balance it out. This designed is considered as grossly overlooked with the introduction of Meidum pyramid. (Ibid. ). Nevertheless, Imhotep’s step pyramid was the first stone structure in the history and is the oldest surviving pyramid today. Several nature factors affect the pyramids’ brilliance, but none of it had overcome the clarity of mind of Imhotep. The fact that his structure stand today is a clear indication that he had overcome nature’s changing environment. Yet Imhotep brilliancy is almost trivial, we had little information on his intelligence and none of the records ever survived in justification of his eminence. Meidum Pyramid. The Meidum pyramid was introduced in the year 2600 BC. It is in the shape of tetrahedron. It started as a step pyramid with inward leaning walls and eight levels. The pyramid construction at Meidum became unsuccessful because there is probably lacking in the design of the pyramid. The interior support of the pyramid partially was collapsed and massive rubble mounds were found beneath the base of the pyramid. Bent Pyramid. After the failure of the Meidum Pyramid, King Sneferu, the father of Khufu started designing his pyramid. He actually started with the Meidum pyramid but for unknown reasons he moved his burial chamber north to Dashur, at the Giza Plateau with a different design. The foundation of the pyramid was a big flat area of limestone bedrock. Also as an advantage, in the nearby area there was a limestone quarry, a place where they could cut two to three ton limestone block to be used in building the pyramid. His pyramid was made of stone blocks leaning inward. In constructing the base of the pyramid, the stone cutters leveled the foundation of the pyramid providing indications as to where the pyramid would be located. The sun and the stars serve as their guiding point to align the pyramid facing exactly towards the four cardinals, the north, south, east and west. They aimed at leveling the sides of the pyramid equal to all angles. Each of the side using modern measurements is 755 feet and 8 inches long; the length is less than two inches of the four sides. However, during the construction of the pyramid, the weight of the upper portion started to inflate causing the pyramid to be not in proportion. It had slowly sink; the weight and angle of the stones where much heavier than in its base. To address the problem, the builders put up an outer supporting wall cutting off the 60 degrees angle to 55 degrees. The upper portion is only 43 degrees. This is where the pyramid got his name, the Bent Pyramid. During the construction, the architects tried to polish their work by applying what they have learned in building the bent pyramid. They must have laid down horizontal layers of larger stone and blocks. In order to vindicate their erroneous design, they construct again another giant pyramid for Sneferu called the North Pyramid. Sneferu returned to Meidum and refined the Meidum pyramid by adding outer level using new approach in constructing it. Sneferu’s new technique somehow became successful. His new technique became the foundation of the 4th dynasty pyramids and the Great Pyramid at Giza. Indeed, something did. Imhotep’s buttresses, while always at the base step pyramid of other true pyramids, were not extended to include the buttressing of the structurally significant outer casing. Pyramids built later than Meidum demonstrate this slanting of the outer casing. (Thomas, 2005) Khufu’s Pyramid. The proliferation of pyramid gradually decline in the 5th dynasty when irregularities seem to pervade in the whole kingdom of Egypt. Perhaps, one significant attribute of the so called chaotic period in Egypt called the First Intermediate Period is crossing the alley of yore to the Middle Period where new techniques and materials were applied. Parallel to it, when the building of pyramid was once restored, the pyramids’ beauty was converted into gross physical appearance to lucidity. Khufu, son of King Sneferu becomes pharaoh. To build a legacy on the surface of the Earth, he set out to design the largest pyramid. Sneferu’s three pyramids laid new important techniques in maintaining Khufu’s pyramid throughout the time. That is to build a pyramid with a solid stone foundation. In onset of the pyramid’s construction, Khufu ordered his governors to seek workers out of forty-two towns of Egypt. He require ten working men or boys each town to accomplish his ambitious pyramid. During Khufu’s reign, there are some speculations that massive slave workers were forced to work in building the pyramid. However in Herodotus account, the workers were not compelled to work for the pyramid. In contrary to his statement, he said however that there is dearth of workers, thus some forcible action is impliedly conducted. There was no account yet being surfaced to warrant the situation. Accordingly, most of the men were proud to work for Khufu; there is so much honor in building the eternal home of the god-king. Men formed into 20-30 teams and also have given their teams a name such as â€Å"Khufu is Bright†. Evidences lie in the hidden parts of the pyramids where modern archaeologists have found them. The construction of the pyramid began. The base forms a nearly perfect square having 19-cm. This huge square is almost exactly leveled out. In the core of the pyramid, it probably has a hill of unexcavated rubble making it difficult to determine the exact number of blocks. According to research, the Great Pyramid’s blocks are estimated to 2. 3 millions of blocks having an average weight of 2. 5 metric tons. Hundreds of men worked for quarrying, moving, setting and sculpting the huge amount of stone used to build the Great Pyramid. A total of 25, 000 men and women worked in the construction site for a couple of years. According to one account, there were no slaves who worked in finishing the project. Most probably were farmers, architects, masons, metal workers and carpenters. The architects of Khufu selected a site in Giza on surface of bedrock not sand which will provide a steady foundation. The workers lower the stones in a horizontal level, on one top of the other. The stone used in the interior area was out of quarried blocks in the south of the construction site. The exterior part which is finely finished was out of white limestone quarried across the Nile River. To transport the materials, the workers have to cut the limestone and transported by a river barge to Giza. The rest of the materials were used in building edifices in Cairo. Dating from the earlier failure of the architects, they had failed to recognize the symmetry of the stones placed on top of the other. Khufu’s pyramid however applied the rule on symmetry. Workers have marked all the blocks indicating the angle of the pyramid wall and trimmed the surfaces so that all blocks will fit together. On the sides of the pyramid, workers built large ramps to help drag their materials to the sides of the structure. Those ramps being used were probably of desert clay mixed with water tighten by limestone debris leftover from the construction work. The final exterior phase f the pyramid is the installation of the pyramidion or the cap stone of the pyramid. In order to reveal the full majestic view of the pyramid, workers must dismantle the ramps on the surface of the pyramid. Thereafter, the pyramid had displayed its real beauty. For the interior part of the pyramid, it is compose of complex chambers where a series of passages will lead to master chamber where the body of the King shall be placed. The pyramid’s entrance is about 17 m intended to be used during Khufu’s funeral. The entrance of the pyramid will likely lead you to the Descending Passage and shall reach the Subterranean Chamber. The Descending Chamber is intersected with the Ascending Passage. The Ascending Passage is the conduit to Queen’s Chamber as so called by the Arabs. But according to some archaeologists, this is where the king statue is located representing his ka, his spirit. The Ascending Passage intersects with the Grand Gallery which housed some large stones used to plug passages after the king’s funeral. At the upper end of the Grand Gallery intersects to the King’s Chamber, a simple rectangular room covered entirely with red granite. Now, what remains is the granite sarcophagus of King Khufu buried near the western wall. Some portion of pyramids’ myriad passage was still mysterious. There are some pyramids that have satellite pyramids and queens’ pyramid. The satellite pyramid’s function is still unknown. Some argued that it must have contained the ka of the king. The queens’ pyramid was smaller version of the kings pyramid intended to be a burial site for the king’s principal wives. The two Great Pyramids beside Khufu’s pyramid belongs to Khafre and Menkaure, Khufu’s son and grandson. Other Great Pyramids. Other pyramids built with the same technique to that of the Khufu’s pyramid is the pyramids of Khafre and Menkaure. In the later years, the building of great pyramids began to decline when Egypt’s resources began to deplete. Several smaller pyramids were design by later rulers however in different location. There are also some smaller pyramids that serve as a burial site for queens and secondary wives of the kings. Later pyramids constructed were the pyramid of Djedefre at Abu Rawash, the pyramid of Sahure at Abu Sir, the pyramid of Neferirkare Kakai at Abu Sir, the pyramid of Nyuserre Ini ate Abu Sir, the pyramid of Amenemhet I at Lisht, the pyramid of Senusret I and Senusret II at Lisht and the pyramid of Amenemhet III ate Hawara.

Biography of Adolf Hitler :: essays research papers

Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th 1889 in Braunau-am-Inn, Austria. Adolf grew up with a poor record at school and left, before completing his tuition, with an ambition to become and artist. Between the ages of sixteen and nineteen, Hitler neither worked nor studied, but had gained an interest in politics and history. At the age of nineteen when his mother had died he had no relatives that were willing to support him and for about four years he spent his time on the streets and in shelters. In 1913 Adolf Hitler, still homeless, moved to Munich in southern Germany. At the outbreak of the first World War, in 1914, he volunteered for service in the German army. He spent some of his time as a prisoner-of-war, at a camp at Traunstein before returning again to Munich. When he went back to Munich he had been involved with politics, his responsibilities given to him was for publicity and propaganda. Hitler had success with this drawing thousands of people to his speeches and the group had changed their name to the National Socialist German Workers Party( or Nazi for short ) on April 1st 1920. By 1921 Hitler had virtually secured total control of the Nazi party. Hitler later had run into some trouble with Munich police. He was charged of treason in 1923 and sentenced to five years in jail. This gave Hitler very much needed publicity for his party and he was released only spending six months in prison. The collapse of the Wall St. Stock exchange in 1929 helped the Nazi party. Hitler campaigned hard for Nazi candidates, promising the public a way out of their current hardship. He did not win this campaign but four years later he was appointed Chancellor in a coalition government. By July Hitler had proclaimed a law stating that the Nazi Party was to be the only political party allowed in Germany. Churches were prosecuted and ministers he preached non-Nazi were frequently arrested by the Gestapo and carted off to concentration camps. Anyone opposing of the Nazi party or of Hitler’s ruling was killed after the party was notified. These occasions happened frequently and the secret police (the Gestapo) were killing many people for this. The Jewish population was increasingly persecuted and under the Nuremburg laws of September 1935, Jews were no longer considered to be German citizens and therefore no longer had any legal rights.

Dadaism And Surrealism

Introduction: The 19th. Century was an era of invention and discovery. The horrors of the First World War led to widespread social trauma. People found consolation in art and literature, and used it as a way to express their outrage caused by the war. People demented a form of expression that was honest, realistic, and critical of political and social behaviors. This Disillusionment following the war manifested itself in a number of ways, sparking artistic, literary, philosophical, musical, and cultural movements.In contrast to pre-war artistic movements, such as Impressionism, post- ar art became bleak and cynical, changing the rules, abandoning tradition. Literature mirrored the artistic movements in exposing the atrocities committed during the world war. Some people were revolted by nationalism and what it had caused; so, they began to work towards a more internationalist world through organizations such as the League of Nations. Pacifism became increasingly popular. Others had th e opposite reaction, feeling that only military strength could be relied on.Dadaism Dada or Dadaism was a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was originated in Zurich and Trace in 1916. This movement was a protest against the barbarism of the War. Its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. There was also a rejection of war politics and social organization. Characteristics: Dada artworks allow the viewer to interpret artworks in a variety of ways.It was an artistic revolt and protest against traditional beliefs of a pro-war society, and also fought against sexism/racism to a lesser degree. It was an anti-war movement created by artists around Europe as a way to express he troubles and traumas within societies affected by the war itself. Influences by Futurism, Cubism and Expressionism Collage Technique of cutting pieces of paper items and including items such as transportation tickets, maps, plastic wrappers, etc. To portray aspects of everyday life.Photometer Dadaists used scissors and glue rather than paintbrushes and paints to express their views of modern life through images presented by the media. Photometer utilized actual or reproductions of real photographs printed in the press. Key figures: Tristan Tsar (1896 – 1963) was a Romania avian-garden poet, essayist and reference artist. Also active as a Journalist, playwright, literary and art critic, composer and film director, he was known best for being one of the founders and central figures of the anti-establishment Dada movement. Hannah Hooch (1889 – 1978) was a German Dada artist.She was one of the originators of photometer. Francis Pica (1879 – 1953) was a French painter, poet, and typographic, associated with Cubism, Abstract art, Dada and Surrealism. Surrealism Surrealism is a cultural and artistic movement that began in the sass's in Paris. It is best known for its visual artworks and writings. The movement spread around the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film, and music of many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and social theory. The aim was to â€Å"resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality. Artists developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself. The goal of Surrealist artists was not to produce lifelike replications of people or objects, nor were these artists concerned with creating works of delightful abstract beauty to delight the eyes. They were instead focused upon using all forms of art as a meaner to express the real functioning of the human mind. Fraud's work with free association, dream analysis, and the unconscious was of utmost importance to the Surrealists in developing methods to liberate imagination.Surrealism in all its forms is highly concerned with dreams and the subconscious mind. Surrealist art does not shy away from shocking, sexual or violent imagery; artists within this school actively sought to push the boundaries of what was considered socially acceptable and artistically valid. Surrealist literature Lit ©return contained automatism works and accounts of dreams. Examples of Surrealist literature are Artist's El Pees-Nerds (1926), Argon's Urine's Count (1927), P ©retest's Death to the Pigs (1929), Creel's Mr.. Knife Miss Fork (1931), Shades Headway's the Blind Owl (1937), and Bretons Sure la route De San Romano (1948).Surrealist films Early films by Surrealists include: Un Chine Nodal by Luis Bundle and Salvador Dali (1929) L'?GE door by Bundle and Dali (1930) Music by Surrealists Jazz and blues music were very important during this movement Key figures: Salvador Dali was an Spanish painter and filmmaker whose melting clocks and five- egged stick animals are easily recognized throughout the world. Like the other Sur realists, Dali sought to explore the nature of the artist's true self by embracing the marvelous, irrational, subconscious areas of the mind.The Persistence of Memory is a painting by the famous Spanish surrealist artist Salvador Dali. The original title of this painting is â€Å"La persistence De la memoriam† and it depicts a fetus-like head lying on the ground, like a fish that was washed ashore and now decaying after a lost struggle gasping for air. There are four watches in this painting, three of which appear to be molten, as if made out of cheese. The only watch whose structure doesn't appear to be malformed – unlike other watches it is orange in color – is sitting on a desk-like object.The ants seem to have found a point of interest in the centre of the orange watch. It possibly derives its meaning from Sigmund Fraud's work on psychoanalysis because Dali painted it during his psychoanalytical era of painting. Interpretation 1: The persistence of memory me aning theme: the drooping backstretches possibly suggest the irrelevance of time during sleep. In other words, when we are asleep, or not conscious, the time does not persist, but memories do. Interpretation 2: Yet another interpretation of this painting may, through the use of symbolism, suggest Einstein theory that time is relative and is not fixed.Conclusion Art movements are born out of the need for people to express their reactions to social, political and religious changes. Whether they accept them or openly disdain them the goals are equal in velocity: To promote their perspective of current changes. In most situations, new movements will gradually appear on the art scene. As the movement grows it will offer the artists an opportunity to explore new philosophies hill extending an invitation for them to enlist among the ranks, adopt some of the ideas or continue to remain loyal to their current trend.The new movement will no doubt meet with resistance from critics and patrons alike, who usually perceive the new movement as nothing more than an unsolicited crusade with little or no hope of survival. The artists, on the other hand, adamant that the message conveyed through their art is critical, will continue to push forward with their movement until it gains acceptance or has reached its apex and has nothing new to offer in the way of ideas.

Use-case Diagram

Object Oriented Analysis and Design Tutorial – Week 4&5 – Chapter 5 End of Chapter 1. Why is business process modeling important? 2. What is the purpose of a fork node? 3. How do you create use cases? 4. How do you create use case diagrams? 5. Give two examples of the extend associations on a use case diagram. Give two examples for the include association. 6. What is the purpose of an activity diagram? Your Turn 5-2 Use Cases Look at the activity diagram for the appointment system in Figure 5-2 and the use case that was created in Figure 5-5.Create your own use case based on an activity in the activity diagram or the activity that you created in Your Turn 5-1. Use Figure 5-6 to guide your efforts. 5-3 Use Case Diagram Look at the use-case diagram in Figure 5-10. Consider if a use case were added to maintain patient insurance information. Make assumptions about the details of this use case and add it to the existing use-case diagram in Figure 5-10. The only required chan ge to the existing diagram would be the addition of the new use case.It would be labeled â€Å"Maintain Patient Insurance Information† and would be linked to both the â€Å"Create New Patient† and â€Å"Make Payment Arrangements† use cases using associations. 5-5 Campus Housing Create a set of use cases for the following high-level processes in a housing system run by the campus housing service. The campus housing service helps students find apartments. Apartment owners fill in information forms about the rental units they have available (e. g. , location, number of bedrooms, monthly rent), which are then entered into a database.Students can search through this database via the Web to find apartments that meet their needs (e. g. , a two-bedroom apartment for $400 or less per month within a half mile of campus). They then contact the apartment owners directly to see the apartment and possibly rent it. Apartment owners call the service to delete their listing when they have rented their apartment(s). 5-6 Drawing a Use-Case Diagram In Your Turn 5-5, you identified use cases for a campus housing service that helps students find apartments. Based on those use cases, create a use-case diagram. ExercisesA. Create an activity diagram and a set of detail use case descriptions for the process of buying glasses from the viewpoint of the patient, but do not bother to identify the flow of events within each use case. The first step is to see an eye doctor who will give you a prescription. Once you have a prescription, you go to a glasses store, where you select your frames and place the order for your glasses. Once the glasses have been made, you return to the store for a fitting and pay for the glasses. B. Draw a use case diagram for the process of buying glasses in Exercise A.C. Create an activity diagram and a set of detail use case descriptions for the following dentist office system, but do not bother to identify the flow of events within each use case. Whenever new patients are seen for the first time, they complete a patient information form that asks their name, address, phone number and brief medical history, which are stored in the patient information file. When a patient calls to schedule a new appointment or change an existing appointment, the receptionist checks the appointment file for an available time.Once a good time is found for the patient, the appointment is scheduled. If the patient is a new patient, an incomplete entry is made in the patient file; the full information will be collected when they arrive for their appointment. Because appointments are often made so far in advance, the receptionist usually mails a reminder postcard to each patient two weeks before their appointment. D. Draw a use case diagram for the dentist office system in Exercise C.

Scholarship Application Essay Writing

Scholarship Application Essay Writing Scholarship Application Essay Writing Scholarship Application Essay Writing: Secrets Scholarship application essay is one of the most exciting and one of the most difficult assignments to cope with at one and the same time. You have already struggled with your college admission essay and probably remember how it was difficult, panic striking, and brainstorming to write it. Now you are a student, our congratulations to you. That is why it is high time to think about getting scholarship for your study. The price for education is too high nowadays, and far not everyone is able to cover it. If you want to help yourself and your family to cover at least the expenses of your study, you can do nothing but win your college scholarship. Scholarship Application Essay Writing Pieces of Advice To receive the scholarship, you have to write scholarship application essay; this is not a secret: However, the question arises: how is it possible to write the successful scholarship application essays in order to win the scholarship? At this point, there are several secrets of the successful scholarship application essay writing and we are going to share them with you. The first secret is to look through several successful scholarship application essays in order you could understand what you have to write, which style you have to use, and how you have to advertise yourself in order to get your scholarship. The second secret is to spend a little time thinking before starting your scholarship application essay. You have to think over all the details you are going to write in your scholarship application essay in order to receive logically connected and coherent text. The third secret lies in the content of your scholarship application essay. Remember that the aim of your scholarship application essay is to get the scholarship. That is why you have to demonstrate all your strengths and to persuade the committee to award you with it. That is why you have to make them liking you and taking care of you. Final Tip: Use Custom Writing Service! The last but not the least secret in writing your successful scholarship application essay is to use custom essay writing service. With the help of our custom essay writing service, you will receive the professional consultation on the subject how to write the successful scholarship application essay. You can also order your scholarship application essay within the convenience of our site if you are not sure whether you can cope with such a task. Moreover, if you feel like writing scholarship application essays on your own, you can appeal to our site to edit your scholarship application essay. Read more: Editing Paper Term Term Paper Editing Free Literature Review Full Text Process Analysis Case Study Problem and Solution Essay

Discrimination Against Women in Songs essays

Discrimination Against Women in Songs essays Women are still stereotyped today and often portrayed as helpless victims. Our songs represent gender stereotypically as the American White Male keeps the humankind safe from democracy as women are degraded to a second class. The stereotyping of women is seen in several areas of the media, in the lyrics to our popular songs and in our movies. Our children have become so exposed to songs and their lyrics that degrade women that many young adolescents think the song, I am a Barbie Girl is just a song sung by the Ken doll as a reflection of what Barbies plastic world is all about. But I have a hard time tolerating some of the sexist issues. That actually goes along with the image of Barbie in this song. This song suggests that blondes can not think for themselves. Therefore Barbie must do things like beg on her knees to get her male partners attention. The song states to young children that, you, as the owner of Barbie, can make her perform. You can undress her anywhere, you can brush her hair, and you can even run your fingers through her blonde hair. These words send a powerful double meaning to young girls listening to this song. Young girls get the image that they too can be a, Barbie Girl and live in this Plastic World. Barbie sings of life as your creation; therefore, life is what you make of it. But Barbies life is what the owner of the doll makes of it. Barbie sings about herself as being a girl in a fantasy world. In the song, she tells her owner to, dress me up make it tight, I am your dolly tonight. The song sings of all the things the owner of this dolly can do with the doll. This also suggests what a young girl can do to catch her mans eye. But actually what this song is teaching young women is to let someone else lead you, you can not think on your own, and this is because you are a woman and as a women remember you have no personal rights. This ...

The #1 Way to Solve Business Disputes

The #1 Way to Solve Business Disputes As a business owner, I want my relationships with both clients and vendors to run smoothly 100% of the time. In actuality, of course, business dealings sometimes involve conflict. Although I am not exactly a conflict avoider, I don’t enjoy it either (I left the legal profession almost 6 years ago for that reason and have never looked back)! Nevertheless, I strongly believe that when faced head-on and handled well, conflict can lead to greater trust and a foundation for long-term success. Whether you are a client or a business owner, you might possibly have experienced conflict in a business relationship, or if not, then you might possibly experience it in the future. Below are some situations I have faced, and which have had different outcomes based on one predominant factor. This factor makes the difference between a happy customer and a dissatisfied one. Commitment to Excellence at The Essay Expert I have a team of writers at The Essay Expert who do top-level work, and 95% of our clients are satisfied with the first draft of their resume and LinkedIn profile. I am proud of that number; and I am even prouder that for the small number of clients who have issues with their first write-ups, we are able to create happy clients 99% of the time. The writers who work with me are fully committed to satisfying our clients and they go the extra mile to accommodate each person’s preferences. In the end, I believe that the most important value we offer is our commitment to doing the work required to satisfy every client. Clients leave feeling like we truly partnered with them to meet their needs. Sometimes I face a situation where a client and writer are not a perfect match. In these cases, if the client speaks up right away (which I encourage them to do), I first determine whether we can resolve the situation with the current writer. If not, I assign the project to another, more senior writer or, in rare cases, step in myself. If any uncorrectable human errors have occurred, I will always offer a partial refund. I am always available for discussion and negotiation, and will do everything I can to reach an agreement and satisfactory resolution. Sometimes the clients who become The Essay Expert’s biggest fans are those who were not satisfied initially, and with whom we worked tirelessly to remedy the situation. In fact, just this week, one such client referred a connection who hired us for a resume and LinkedIn package. How to Handle – and Not Handle – Billing Disputes I am a client to other companies as well as a business owner, and this week I experienced both excellent and poor customer service. In one situation, I raised issues about the service I was receiving and questioned the validity of some charges on their invoice. Despite the fact that I have been a client of this business for two years and have never questioned an invoice before, the owner refused to discuss the issue, instead telling me that the firm no longer would be working with me. I stated my desire to work things out and he still refused, though he did tell me to pay whatever I wanted and they would write off the rest. I was left with a negative impression and if anyone asks me about that business I will tell them how I was treated. In contrast, with another firm, when we ran into an issue where a job they were doing for me went over budget, I agreed to their terms and requested something in return from  them that I felt would be a good trade. They thanked me for my communication and agreed to give me what I asked for. I was left with a positive impression and will continue to refer business to that firm. The #1 Factor: Customer Service (Plus†¦) In each of these cases, what made the difference? Customer service. That’s the #1 factor to watch when addressing business conflict. Good customer service can turn conflict into good will. Bad customer service can create ongoing negativity. Also note that someone has to start the conversation about the issue at hand if anything is to be done about it. When my clients do not tell me they are dissatisfied, I am at a big disadvantage. I can’t resolve an issue I don’t know about. It’s therefore essential to ask clients about their experience consistently so that they have an opportunity to voice any concerns. Showing interest in the quality of their experience is a key piece to customer service. Once an issue is aired, I have found that it’s very helpful to hold a strong vision for the relationship. Whichever party states a vision, the other party often aligns with it. This alignment sets the stage for a satisfactory resolution. In rare cases, one party might state a vision for an amicable ongoing relationship and the other does not join that vision; in this situation, the conflict will likely not be resolved. Thankfully, most of us as human beings are wired to want to work well with other human beings. And most businesses have a strong commitment to good customer service. That commitment, when put into action, creates a foundation where almost any conflict can be resolved. If you have stories of good customer service or more ideas of how to resolve business conflicts, please share below!

Should GCSE formate be changed over the next few years Essay

Should GCSE formate be changed over the next few years - Essay Example Recently, the education standards in the ‘General Certificate of Secondary Education’ have come under serious debate from educationists and people from the political circles, widely giving rise to the notion that the GCSE examination should altogether be abolished and replaced by another like the E-Bac. GCSE has recently been under heavy fire for leaving teenagers underprepared for University Education. The exam has been failing to train teenagers for the degree level of education (Shepherd, 2012). The gcse has been lagging behind in training students for higher education, especially in subjects like mathematics, geography, chemistry, biology, English and English Literature. GCSE has been found more focused on the results that the exams generate and not a broader prospect of education (Baker, 2012). The amount of course work has also been considerably reduced over the past decade. It has been reviewed by ofqual (regulator of qualification), that GCSE has been becoming in creasingly easier over the past decade, which is suggestive of falling standards of Education (Shepherd, 2012). ... tudents coming to out of the GCSE did not possess necessary skills regarding critical thinking and writing, which were necessarily required for the degree courses (Shepherd, 2012). The poll also revealed that the lecturers teaching the degree level subjects of English, business studies, geography and psychology were unimpressed by the exam standard and wanted more open-ended questions and an independent study orientation (shepherd, 2012). MCQ’s restrict the student’s ability to learn and remember complex forms of data and information, as it focuses on testing the students for parts of information on topics. Many believe that with the passing years the MCQ content of the exams has been greatly increasing while the descriptive essay like questions in the exams have reduced considerably, which are the real indicators of the amount and level of learning. In the 2012 review by ofqual, it was put forth that as compared to 2001, in 2010 human geography exam had fewer questions that tested the scientific knowledge of the students; 2008 biology exam also had an increased number of short answers and MCQ’s as compared to the exam in 2003; the 2010 geography exam was testing the pupils on fewer topics as compared to the exam that was put forth in the year 2001; and for the subject of Chemistry 2008 exam also showed more GCSE level questions as compared to the year 2003 (Shepherd, 2012). The Education Secretary, Micheal Gove says that the system of GCSE was â€Å"for a different age and a different world† (BBC, 2012). Mr. Gove believes the GCSE system to be outdated and that new exam system like E-Bac could help raise the bar again. The education secretary believes that changes in education system are necessary so that there can be â€Å"truly rigorous exams, competitive with the

Entrepreneurship International new ventures - internalization, growth Thesis - 1

Entrepreneurship International new ventures - internalization, growth path, Measutement - Thesis Example Logitech and Skype are two firms that started out as international new ventures. Logitech and Skype are selected for case studies because they both represent the opportunities accorded international entrepreneurs and at the same time represent two different types of opportunities and risks taken and how those risks pay off and can be detrimental to international entrepreneurs. In this regard, Logitech represents how risks in international entrepreneurships can be profitable and Skype represents how risks can actually be detrimental to international new ventures. The results of this study confirm both network and internationalization theories. These results are discussed and implications for theory and practice are also discussed. Studies on international firms often focus on multi-national enterprises (MNE) which usually begin as large and powerful domestic firms that eventually branch out into the international arena (Oviatt & McDougall, 1994). However, advances in technology and an increase in the number of individuals with experience in international business have opened up opportunities for non-traditional MNEs (Oviatt & McDougall, 1994). Since the 1990s, there have been a significant and progressive growth in the number of ‘new and young firms’ that join the international market from the start (McDougall, Oviatt, & Shrader, 2003, p. 59). This trend in internationalisation from the start is known as International New Ventures (INV) (McDougall, et al., 2003). Researchers have attempted to understand why new firms which are comparatively small, would assume the additional ‘risk’ of venturing directly into the international market (McDougall, et al., 2003, p. 60). Traditional international business theories fail to provide a framework for analysing and understanding why international entrepreneurs venture out into the global market place from inception. This is because traditional international

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Research Paper Example Services offered can either be of personal or corporate finance levels. Similar to any other industry, financial sector needs appropriate tools and technologies in managing and delivering services to clients. Use of those tools facilitate efficient and effective service provision; hence enhancing the commercial concept of profitability. This research paper strives to appraise the breadth and depth of technology integration in finance, especially information technology and changes brought by the integration. Four decades ago, information technology only found wide application in military institutions. Military units used secured networks in relying communications. Financial institutions used traditional ledger books in keeping transaction records. Later, banking sector adopted the use of secure communication channels to deliver sensitive information for processes like confirming funds reception. Currently, technology dominates almost every aspect of financial services industry. According to Balling and Lierman (2009), technological tools like computers allow generation of financial statements, budgets and expected rate of return with a single click of an icon. In addition, investment companies can easily make precise predictions of future financial trends using customized software programs. Technology not only enhances production of records but also improves the labor aspects of the industry. Effective communication tools like internet, Skype and video conferencing allows company manage rs to outsource jobs to experts’ location. Times when Wall Street had to mail each client a stamped copy of a general meeting letter are long gone. Moreover, piling of financial records in files became redundant. With rapid evolution of technology, computer systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated, reliable and fast. This speed of evolution created the

Principle-based ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principle-based ethics - Essay Example According to the deontological principle, one ought to do an action that upholds his/her moral obligation without what the other people consider appropriate (Shaw, 2008). America is a capitalistic state whose economy is guarded by the laws of demand and supply, which determine the price of commodities in the market (Futrelle, 2012). From a deontological perspective, market forces can suddenly increase demand of commodities without a corresponding increase in supply; implying that people are demanding more than the market supply. Thus, this implies prices of commodities will automatically rise because of other factors other than those affecting demand and supply (Shaw, 2008). Thus, merchants often base their argument on this notion by arguing that they do not cause price gouging but the situation arises from the forces of demand and supply. Conversely, the principle of justice agitates for fairness to all involved entities in price gouging situations. It is widely known that if demand is more than supply, the prices of commodities will increase steadily to counter the deficit in the market. For this reason, merchants with sufficient stock during this particular time, can leverage from the situation since it is a rare case that may never happen again. Thus, according to this principle, it is fair for them to be allowed to benefit from the economic situation since it is not their making but because of market forces (Wicks, 2010). On the other hand, there are ethical principles that are against the act of price gouging because they consider such acts as selfishness that are only meant to benefit a few individuals at the opportunity cost of others (Bredeson, 2012). For instance, the principle of beneficence states that, whenever you are doing anything, the ratio of good should always supersede the quota of evil not only to one’s self but also to the entire world. Therefore, in the case of this particular situation,

Effective Communication as a Code Enforcement Officer Term Paper

Effective Communication as a Code Enforcement Officer - Term Paper Example For Code Enforcement Officers to learn and practise effective communication in their work, it is recommended that efforts at the personal and organizational level must be shown. While the employers of Code Enforcement Officers should offer free training on effective communication, the officers themselves must reflect on their weaknesses in communication and develop personal strategies of overcoming them in order to be effective communicators. Effective communication is the core of healthy relationships and is important for all professionals. Code Enforcement Officers work with communities and their tasks are centred on people with whom they interact with daily. For Code Enforcement Officers, therefore effective communication is mandatory in order to ensure good outcome from their work. This paper discusses effective communication as it applies to Code Enforcement Officers. The main argument is that effective communication is necessary for all Code Enforcement Officers, as each of the tasks they perform can only be executed effectively when effective communication is involved. This paper will add value to the knowledge on effective communication and Code Enforcement Officers. In addition, this has implications for individual Code Enforcement Officers, the state governments that employ the Code Enforcement Officers as well as any other individual interested in effective communication. This paper is also meaningful to me as this has widened my knowledge on effective communication through the diverse sources that I have utilised for my research to develop the paper. This paper also draws on concepts taught in class especially on communication, thus is an application of concepts learnt in class. The choice of topic of this paper was motivated by the fact that Code Enforcement Officers play an important role in society and work selflessly for the good of other people notwithstanding the

Principle-based ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principle-based ethics - Essay Example According to the deontological principle, one ought to do an action that upholds his/her moral obligation without what the other people consider appropriate (Shaw, 2008). America is a capitalistic state whose economy is guarded by the laws of demand and supply, which determine the price of commodities in the market (Futrelle, 2012). From a deontological perspective, market forces can suddenly increase demand of commodities without a corresponding increase in supply; implying that people are demanding more than the market supply. Thus, this implies prices of commodities will automatically rise because of other factors other than those affecting demand and supply (Shaw, 2008). Thus, merchants often base their argument on this notion by arguing that they do not cause price gouging but the situation arises from the forces of demand and supply. Conversely, the principle of justice agitates for fairness to all involved entities in price gouging situations. It is widely known that if demand is more than supply, the prices of commodities will increase steadily to counter the deficit in the market. For this reason, merchants with sufficient stock during this particular time, can leverage from the situation since it is a rare case that may never happen again. Thus, according to this principle, it is fair for them to be allowed to benefit from the economic situation since it is not their making but because of market forces (Wicks, 2010). On the other hand, there are ethical principles that are against the act of price gouging because they consider such acts as selfishness that are only meant to benefit a few individuals at the opportunity cost of others (Bredeson, 2012). For instance, the principle of beneficence states that, whenever you are doing anything, the ratio of good should always supersede the quota of evil not only to one’s self but also to the entire world. Therefore, in the case of this particular situation,

Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crisis - Essay Example In a span of fifteen minutes, the duo had already killed twelve students and a teacher while wounding more than twenty. Few minutes after midday, the teens turned the guns on themselves and committed suicide. As the incidence was going on, a radio station made a call to the executive director of Jefferson Country Public Schools, Rick J. Kaufman, found in Colorado. They passed on the breaking news and immediately Rick and his assistant superintendent rushed to the school. Rick tried to reach the school management to no avail since the school is on a large community park with so many residential areas. In a span of twenty minutes, there were several responders including paramedics, police, fire, and emergency helicopters all trying to locate the shooters and save the wounded students. On the other hands, the parents who had heard the news from the media sources were rushing to the school too. In addition, the employees and other students were fleeing out of the school’s compound. Rick made communications back to the office since it was the district’s crisis command center. At this time, his primary duty was to act  as a liaison between the law enforcement and the school per sonnel at the district’s command center and the crisis site (Fearn- Banks, 2010). According to Rick, there was a crisis management plan in place that had been written to the school districts but during this incidence, they did not take the opportunity to follow the plan to the letter. The media was more interested in what was happening particularly who was responsible and who was injured. The attack drew the attention both national wide and in the international media industry. According to Rick, the event seemed to dominate the media’s attention 24/7. The team  made efforts  to make sure that any information that the school district released to the public had no hearsay basis. One of the interventions that were put in place was setting up relocation sites near

Domestic Politics Essay Example for Free

Domestic Politics Essay Trade which means the exchange of goods and services for money is very important for the growth of any country’s economy. This business industry has continually changed over time. This can be clearly seen because a long time ago there was barter trade which is the exchange of goods with other goods or services. Initially there was no medium of exchange but later money was introduced. Traditionally, trade was also conducted within boundaries of countries that is local trade. However the arena has completely changed nowadays. This has been caused by the fact that the transportation of goods and services is easy. People, goods and services can be transported through air, rail, water or even road. This in turn means that space otherwise known as distance between the producer of goods and services and the consumer is not an issue. There is therefore a free flow of services, people and goods from one country to another. This means that there is international trade. However, international trade is affected by the domestic policies of the country as well and the politics of all other countries involved. This paper will study the effects of the politics of globalization in China. Yanrui argues that the economy of China has changed since the economic reforms which took place in 1978 (1). According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, her economy comes third. United States is ranked first followed by Japan. China’s economy has been growing very rapidly. It has been having a constant Gross Domestic Product growth rate of more than 10per cent. Her per capita income has also been increasing with time. Her economy is continually improving because she concentrates in ensuring that there is equitable sharing of resources as well as aiming at lowering the poverty levels. Additionally, (Dadush 1) notes that China is doing considerably well in the international market as she is the leading exporter and the second largest importer of services and goods. On the same note (Yanrui 2), states that there are two major factors responsible for the economic advancements in China. The first factor is growth of investments which between 1979 and 2004 grew at a rate of 12 per cent. The high growth of investments was caused by many foreign organizations investing directly and also the high rate of savings. This means that the foreign organizations invested in China as citizen and thus this is corporate citizenship. The organizations in turn save some money in the country. He observe that there was a very high increase in the ratio of domestic savings and Gross Domestic Product. The figure had increased up to 74. 8 per cent in 2004 compared to 10. 1 per cent in 1979. (Yanrui 2) continues to emphasize the fact that china’s economy has improved due to her increased exports. The exports rates were 18 per cent between 1979 and 2004. Yanrui continues to state that another factor to be considered in measuring the growth rate of China is the domestic consumption. The number of people acquiring cars increased at a rate of 24. 1 per cent per year between 2001 and 2004. This shows that they have money and thus the economy is doing well. It clearly indicates that due to the improvement in the country’s economy a lot of people had the purchasing power due to low prices of commodities and the taxes levied on the goods and services had reduced and hence most people could buy them. The economy of a country is highly affected by her politics Keohane (2). He continues to argue that the domestic politics of a country in turn affects the world economy. It is therefore necessary to consider how domestic politics, globalization influence each other in China. In China in 1949, the government used to control the prices of commodities, control some important policies such as the banking and financial policies. This hindered economic development and as a result her economy was not growing at a fast pace. After 1978 the Chinese government controlled only a few industries such as the one dealing with air travel. The Chinese government ensures that the activities in each sector of the economy are controlled by institutions or organizations such as Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture among others. The operations of some other organizations are supervised by the State Council. The State council has offices in other locations nearer to the institutions it supervises. The state council implements the policies regarding the economy. This is done by controlling financial operations of the organizations, ensuring that some resources such as transport, labor and raw materials among others are equitably shared and they also control the tax issues. Taxes can lead to a poor economy because they make the prices to shoot upwards if they are high. This in turn lowers the demand for the goods. Zhiyue (1) states that it is of paramount importance for China to attain democracy. However it is a hard task to decide which democracy model should be implemented in China. He (145) notes that there are four democratization models that china could use. They are: social capital theory, modernization theory, negotiation-pact and the modernization theory. Each of these will be elaborated. The social mobilization theory states that democracy is not achieved by mere economic advancement (He 147). The modernization theory on the other hand (145) advocates for the fact that if a country is economically developed it is most likely to achieve high levels of democracy. The third theory which is negotiation-pact stipulates that the learned and the political leader are very important in order for a country to achieve democracy (He 153). He also notes that it is viewed as the most secure model for transition. He (154) continues to elaborate that for a country like China to attain democracy various factors which include the culture, her economic development, the politicians and the social classes have to be considered. In addition to considering these factors any other important issue should be put into consideration. A balance should be stricken between the various factors in order to achieve democracy without violence which could lead to unnecessary loss of property and lives. Therefore in attempt to answer the question it is worth noting that China’s economy is doing well. This means that there is increased trade, income and saving are high, the prices and inflation rates are low. This basically means that the economic arena is good. However, China has not yet attained democracy. Yanrui (2006) observes that globalization is the ability of the Chinese economy to interact profitably with the international business community. He additionally states that a country’s level of globalization can be gauged by looking at how the international business affects its economy. China has made use of the international trade and thus her exports rose to 593. 4 United States billion dollars in 2004 up from 9. 8 billion United States dollars. It is at this point that I would like to note that the domestic politics of a country affects her globalization. The political system of a country determines whether there will be free flow of goods, capital, services and people in and out of the country. As has already been stated above for a country to be considered internationalized it has to engage in international trade. Thanks to the Chinese government which discovered this earlier and implemented the 1978 reforms. This encouraged international trade which has made her economy to improve dramatically. However, this should not cause the countries to lose their political identity in the name of being internationalized. China has an edge over any other country that has not reached her level. (He 139) notes that the China is almost developing to the level of the developed world. He also observes that though China has developed in terms of trade she still lacks in the democracy (140). This is therefore a clear indicator that China has a democratic deficit which is caused by its communist system. It is therefore important for China to look for a suitable democratic model which she should implement in order to avert the democratic deficit. He adds that ninety per cent of the people in China feel that they should have democracy (145). China has become a very important destination for any organization in the world. The Economists intelligence Unit (10) notes that there is no serious multinational that can afford to ignore China in its business operations. It continues to elaborate that the emergence of a stable market which is easily accessible makes China a preferred market for many multinationals. To ensure that the multinationals adhere to the expected standards China has introduced laws and regulations to cater for the organizations. Global Corporate citizenship is whereby a multinational company registers in a particular country such as China in order for it to conduct business in the host country. This is done in China and it is important because those companies who conduct business in China are conversant with her laws and hence security is maintained despite there being foreigners in China. The foreigners feel part and parcel of the country. It is important that each and every country discover that though the economy could be doing very well they should also ensure that they attain democracy. They should consider the democratization theories and and come with a model that will favor them. Domestic politics should ensure that country develops economy wise. The factors of production as well as the resources should be distributed equitably for the benefit of all citizens and any other party willing to conduct business in the country. Works Cited. Dadush, Uri. Global outlook: Not your average Crisis. Massachusetts, International Economic Bulletin, 2010. Economist Intelligence Unit. Coming of Age: Multinational Companies in China. Hongkong, Russell Reynolds Associates Economist Intelligence Unit,2004. He, Kai, and Huiyun, Feng. â€Å"A path to democracy: In search of China’s Democratization Model Vol 32, No. 3, 2008. Keohane,Robert, and Helen Milner. Internationalization and domestic politics. United Kingdom,the press syndicate of the University of Cambridge,1996. MIT department of political science. Politics of globalization. Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2009. Yanrui, Wu. Economic growth transition and globalization in China: advances in Chinese Economic studies. U. K: Edward and elgar Publishing Ltd. , 2006. .Zhiyue,Bo. China’s model of democracy. Chicago, Political Science Association, 2009.

Policies for the Prevention of Fraud and Mismanagement

Policies for the Prevention of Fraud and Mismanagement PURPOSE The Prevention of Fraud and Mismanagement Policy outlines measures taken by the Institute to prevent fraud and mismanagement. SCOPE This policy applies to all members of staff. STATEMENT Rosary Tertiary Institute is committed to dealing with fraud prevention. The Professional Conduct of Staff is the principle guide for dealing with fraud prevention. It states that staff members are required to inform themselves about fraud controls, to inform the institute if they suspect acts of fraud and that if a staff member commits an act of fraud it will be investigated. This Policy is supported by the Theft, Fraud and Corrupt Conduct Procedure, which summarises the procedures to be used once an allegation of fraud is made to a senior staff member. PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT OF STAFF Staff Responsibilities Rosary Tertiary Institute seeks to create a safe and rewarding learning and working environment based on the principles of the Catholic faith, justice, equity, harmony, tolerance and pursuit of excellence while protecting the resources of the Institute and respect for individuals, the law and the governance of the Institute. In circumstances where staff conduct does not meet the standards set out in this policy and related procedures, senior members of staff may speak with the individual concerned in an attempt to remedy the situation. In cases where the misconduct exceeds the scope of authority, the matter may be referred to the proper civil authority. Personal and Professional Behaviour Staff must uphold the values of the Institute outlined in the Prospectus. Staff must maintain a high standard of conduct and level of performance while demonstrating courtesy, equity and fairness in dealing with staff, students, contractors, visitors and members of the public. The rights, duties and aspirations of others will be respected at all times. Staff must perform their duties in a professional manner with skill, care and diligence and with a proper utilisation of their authority. Staff must treat others fairly and with respect and must not engage in any harassing, bullying or discriminatory behaviour. Staff in administrative positions will maintain, as far as possible, a safe and orderly working environment. Staff must endeavour to ensure that their actions or decisions do not harm the health, safety and well-being of themselves or others, nor affect their work performance or that of others and must comply with the STAC Occupational Health and Safety Standards. Staff in management positions must ensure that all staff have the necessary qualifications to fulfil the responsibilities of the positions they occupy. Staff must ensure that relationships with students are professional, respectful and trusting. Staff must acknowledge that they have a responsibility to protect the interests of students and to acknowledge and resolve any conflicts of interest that may arise; to respect staff-student relationships and to accept the obligations involved in their responsibilities. Institute Finances Staff will maintain the highest standards of integrity in financial matters and, particularly, will comply with the requirements relevant to financial management legislation and the Institutes financial procedures which have been taken from the rule and constitution of the Dominican Sisters of Wanganui. Protection of Institute Resources Staff must utilise and maintain Institute equipment and resources in an economical and efficient manner and exclusively for Institute purposes; Staff must secure Institute equipment and resources against misuse or theft; Staff must follow all procedures governing the use of the Institutes electronic communications systems, and avoid excessive personal use of the Institutes electronic communications systems which incurs additional cost to the Institute. Staff must ensure the protection of the privacy of others and the maintenance of appropriate confidentiality with regard to personal matters and information acquired in the course of their employment and will use information only for purposes related to work Staff must maintain the confidentiality of official and personal information for which they are responsible and take all precautions to prevent all unauthorised access to or misuse of the Institutes records and information Staff must comply with all relevant copyright and records management policies and procedures. Respect for the Law and Tertiary Institute governance Staff must comply with all laws, regulations, codes, policies and procedures. Staff may report to management any behaviour that is in violation of any law, rule or regulation or that represents improper conduct, mismanagement of resources, or is a danger to public health and safety. The Institute does not tolerate improper conduct by Institute Staff or Board members, nor the acceptance of reprisals against those who offer to disclose such conduct. The Institute recognises the value of clarity and accountability in its administrative and management activities and supports the making of disclosures that reveal corrupt and improper conduct. The Institute will take the necessary and practical steps to protect individuals who make disclosures as described above in article 5.4 from any detrimental action in response for making the disclosure. The Institute will protect the confidentiality of the disclosure and the identity of the person who made the disclosure and allow procedural fairness to all parties concerned, including the one who is subject to the disclosure. Staff will not harass or take rash action in response to actual or suspected disclosures or participation in an investigation into such a disclosure. 6. Conflict of Interest 6.1 Staff will act with best interests of the Institute in mind when carrying out the duties of their position and must not allow their private interests or the interests of others inhibit them in this obligation. 7. Gifts 7.1 All gifts to staff will be managed according to the Constitutions of the Dominican Sisters of Wanganui. 8. Academic Integrity 8.1 Staff will maintain a high ethical and academic standard according to the Constitutions of the Dominican Sisters of Wanganui. 9. Misconduct 9.1 The Institute will carry out any necessary disciplinary action for misconduct and unsatisfactory performance according to the Rule and Constitutions of the Dominican Sisters of Wanganui. 9.2 Disciplinary action will be at the discretion of the local Prioress and/ or Mother Prioress General, as per the Rule and Constitutions of the Dominican Sisters of Wanganui. 9.3 Requests for review of a disciplinary action will be managed according to the Rule and Constitutions of the Dominican Sisters of Wanganui. 10. Theft, fraud and corrupt conduct 10.1 The Institute does not tolerate fraud or corrupt activity. 10.2 All staff are required to familiarise themselves with the Rule and Constitutions of the Dominican Sisters of Wanganui and fulfil their duties in accordance with them. 10.3 All Staff are expected to report any suspected fraudulent or corrupt activity to the Director. B.   Theft, Fraud and Corrupt Conduct Procedure 1. Approach to theft, fraud and corrupt conduct 1.1 The Institute is committed to preventing occurrence of theft, fraud and corrupt conduct. This will be achieved through: Risk management strategies Prevention strategies Detection strategies Response strategies 2. Risk Management 2.1 Risk management will be carried out in accordance with RTIs Risk Management Policy. 3. Preventative controls 3.1 To prevent theft, fraud and corrupt conduct, the Institute will have internal controls to avoid this. These will include: financial delegations, lines of authority and accountabilities, segregation of duties, approval processes, etc. 3.3 The Director will inform staff of how to prevent and report suspected fraud and corrupt conduct. 3.4 Supervisors will ensure that the following staff are familiar with and comply with the Rule and Constitutions of the Dominican Sister of Wanganui: Staff delegated to make financial decisions Staff delegated to make staff appointment decisions Staff delegated to manage contracts 3.5 Staff delegated to engage external contractors or suppliers will ensure that the contractors or suppliers are financially sustainable individuals or businesses before engaging their services. 3.6 The Risk Management Team will provide staff with a risk management tool to enable staff responsible for engaging contractors and suppliers to identify the level of risk and the level of critical examination required for each procurement activity. 4. Fraud detection controls 4.1 The Director will analyse the accuracy of all transactions. 4.2 The Director will ensure that those staff with delegated financial duties will analyse transactions for approval of the following: Validity Accuracy Invoice coding Invoices addressed to Rosary Tertiary Institute Goods and services tax (GST) calculations 4.3 The Director will give a monthly account of her receipts and expenditure to the local Prioress and conduct an annual internal financial audit, as per the Constitutions of the Dominican Sisters of Wanganui. 5. Reporting of theft, fraud and corrupt conduct 5.1 A staff member who suspects that an act of theft, fraud or corrupt conduct may be about to occur, is occurring or has occurred must report such suspicions to their head of department, the Director, the local Prioress or the Mother Prioress General. 5.2 On receiving a report of suspected theft, fraud or corrupt conduct, the head of department or Director will: Record the time, date and details of the report made Refer the report (including anonymous reports where there is adequate supporting information) to the local Prioress or Prioress General immediately and before any investigation of such allegations is undertaken. 5.3 Where a report of suspected theft, fraud or corrupt conduct made involves a senior officer of the Institute, the Director will refer the report to the local Prioress or, in case of her unavailability, the Prioress General. 5.4 The Institutes public information will inform individuals who are not staff or students of the Institute how to file a complaint regarding improper conduct, detrimental action or other corrupt conduct or misconduct by the Institute, its staff and its officers. 5.5 Where the local Prioress or Prioress General determine that an allegation as a deliberate false allegation of fraud, theft, or corrupt conduct, the staff member who made the allegation will be dealt with according to the Rule and Constitutions of the Dominican Sisters of Wanganui. 6. Investigation 6.1 The Director will assess whether a report of suspected fraud, theft or corrupt conduct warrants further investigation. 6.2 Where a preliminary investigation of allegations of theft, fraud or corrupt conduct by a staff member is required, the Director will appoint investigation officers and provide them with reference terms. The investigation officers will conduct all investigations according to the Rule and Constitutions of the Dominican Sisters of Wanganui. 6.3 Where an external contractor to the Institute is involved in suspected theft, fraud or corrupt conduct, the Director will notify all departments who have engaged the external contractor and all other relevant areas of the Institute. At the conclusion of the preliminary investigation, the Director may: Take no further action Refer the matter to Legal Services Conduct a full investigation On the advice of the Mother Prioress General, report the theft, fraud or corrupt conduct to the police for further action where evidence of theft or fraud is found to be of a serious nature and a prima facie case has been established. 7. Insurance cover 7.1 The Director is responsible for ensuring that the Institutes management liability insurance coverage is current and will cover the Institute for the risk of loss incurred from theft, fraud or corrupt activity and externally instigated fraud. 8. Statutory reporting requirements 8.1 Where alleged theft, fraud or corrupt conduct have been found to involve the embezzlement of money, stores or property, the Director will report the matter to the Victorian Minister of Tertiary Education and Auditor-General of Victoria as required under the Financial Management Act 1994 (Vic). 9. Review of procedures and controls 9.1 The Director will review internal controls relating to theft, fraud and corrupt conduct. 9.2 The Director will follow up with management responsible for the area affected by theft, fraud or corrupt conduct to ensure that recommendations have been carried out within appropriate timeline. 9.3 In all instances where there is a report of theft, fraud or corrupt conduct, the Director will review the procedures and controls in operation within the department and advise the Director of this review, including any action taken to address any inadequacies discovered. 10. Records 10.1 The Administrator will retain the records of all theft, fraud and corrupt conduct investigations. 11. Confidentiality 11.1 A staff member who is involved in or becomes aware of theft, fraud or corrupt conduct investigation will retain the details and investigation results confidential, subject to the needs of the Institute, the Director and the police during their investigation. 11.2 Staff will not discuss or report any suspected or proven occurrence of theft, fraud or corrupt conduct to the media. PRIVACY POLICY Policy Number Version Number Policy Developer #34 #1 Administrator Approving Body Date of Approval Last Amendment Date RTI Board of Governors 4th March, 2017 4th March, 2017 Last Review Date Next Review Date Status 4th March, 2017 4th March, 2020 Filed This policy has been benchmarked with the Privacy Policy of Eastern College Australia

John Adams Influence on America :: American History

John Adams' Influence on America JOHN ADAMS – A SHORT BIOGRAPHY HISTORY 1301 – U.S. HISTORY TO 1877 WHEN SEARCHING FOR THE MOST INFLUENTIAL PERSON DURING THE EARLY U.S. HISTORY, GEORGE WASHINGTON COMES TO THE FOREFRONT. INCIDENTLY, DUE TO THE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE RESEARCH, THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION ON PEOPLE OR EVENTS ON HISTORY BEFORE 1877. TO MY SURPRISE, INFORMATION WAS LOCATED ON JOHN AND ABIGAIL ADAMS. JOHN AND ABIGAIL ADAMS SUPPOSIVELY HAD A WONDERFUL LIFE AND MARRIAGE TOGETHER. JOHN ADAMS SOMETIMES SEEMED TO BE A CONTRADICTING, RUDE AND OUTSPOKEN MAN, BUT AT OTHER TIMES PLAYFUL AND TENDER. ABIGAIL’S INTELLIGENT, CARING AND WITTY CHARACTER MADE UP FOR JOHN’S MANNERS, THEIR MARRIAGE SIGNIFIES THE POSITION IN WHICH A WOMAN WAS INVOLVED IN THE EVOLVING OF A GREAT MAN, FOR HER IMPORTANT FAMILY CONNECTIONS PROBABLY BENEFITED HIS CAREER. JOHN ADAMS WAS BORN IN 1735, BRAINTREE, MASSACHUSETTS TO JOHN ADAMS AND SUSANNA BOYLSTON. JOHN ADAMS WAS THE ELDEST OF THREE SONS. MR AD AMS WAS A DEACON AND FARMER (WHICH MEANT THE FAMILY WAS NOT WEALTHY). MRS ADAMS WAS BORN FROM ONE OF THE FIRST FAMILIES OF MASSACHUSETTS (THE BOYLSTON’S OWNED A LOT OF PROPERTY). JOHN ADAMS GRADUATED FROM HARVARD IN 1755. UPON GRADUATING, HE WAS OFFERED A JOB TO TEACH IN WORCHESTER. LIKE MOST BACHELORS, JOHN HAD NO INTEREST IN CHILDREN OR THE SLIGHTEST UNDERSTANDING OF THEM. BUT LIKE ANYONE HE ADAPTED TO THE SITUATION, PROBABLY BECAUSE HE HAD TWO YOUNGER BROTHERS. JOHN MARRIED ABIGAIL SMITH IN 1764. ABIGAIL WAS THE SECOND OF FOUR CHILDREN, BORN IN 1744. ABIGAIL WAS A MINISTER’S DAUGHTER ( REV WILLIAM SMITH ) FROM THE NEARBY TOWN OF WEYMOUTH. SHE KNEW OF JOHN THROUGH A COUSIN, HANNAH QUINCY. JOHN WOULD COME TO HER HOUSE WITH HER SISTER’S (MARY) FINANCEE (MR CRANCH). JOHN AND ABIGAIL BEGAN DATING ON THE DAY THE FAMILY PLANNED HER SISTER’S WEDDING. JOHN THOUGHT ABIGAIL WAS THE MOST EDUCATED WOMAN HE HAD MET. ABIGAIL’S MOTHER, ELIZABETH QUINCY, DIDNâ⠂¬â„¢T THINK TOO HIGHLY OF JOHN BECAUSE SHE THOUGHT LAWYERS WERE WICKED. THEY COURTED FOR SOME TIME. MRS SMITH WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DELAY, SUPPOSIVELY SHE COULD NOT BARE TO LOSE TWO DAUGHTERS IN ONE YEAR. UPON MARRIAGE TO JOHN, ABIGAIL MOVED TO BRAINTREE. SHE HAD TO TRANSITION FROM THE POSITION OF A FIRST FAMILY OF WEYMOUTH TO THE MODEST SOCIAL STANDING OF THE ADAMS. SOMEHOW ABIGAIL FOLLOWED THE SAME STEPS AS JOHN’S MOTHER (THE BOYLSTON, WAS ONE OF THE FIRST FAMILIES OF MASSACHUSETTS) WHO THOUGHT TO HAVE MARRIED BENEATH HER WHEN SHE CHOSE JOHN ADAMS. John Adams' Influence on America :: American History John Adams' Influence on America JOHN ADAMS – A SHORT BIOGRAPHY HISTORY 1301 – U.S. HISTORY TO 1877 WHEN SEARCHING FOR THE MOST INFLUENTIAL PERSON DURING THE EARLY U.S. HISTORY, GEORGE WASHINGTON COMES TO THE FOREFRONT. INCIDENTLY, DUE TO THE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE RESEARCH, THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION ON PEOPLE OR EVENTS ON HISTORY BEFORE 1877. TO MY SURPRISE, INFORMATION WAS LOCATED ON JOHN AND ABIGAIL ADAMS. JOHN AND ABIGAIL ADAMS SUPPOSIVELY HAD A WONDERFUL LIFE AND MARRIAGE TOGETHER. JOHN ADAMS SOMETIMES SEEMED TO BE A CONTRADICTING, RUDE AND OUTSPOKEN MAN, BUT AT OTHER TIMES PLAYFUL AND TENDER. ABIGAIL’S INTELLIGENT, CARING AND WITTY CHARACTER MADE UP FOR JOHN’S MANNERS, THEIR MARRIAGE SIGNIFIES THE POSITION IN WHICH A WOMAN WAS INVOLVED IN THE EVOLVING OF A GREAT MAN, FOR HER IMPORTANT FAMILY CONNECTIONS PROBABLY BENEFITED HIS CAREER. JOHN ADAMS WAS BORN IN 1735, BRAINTREE, MASSACHUSETTS TO JOHN ADAMS AND SUSANNA BOYLSTON. JOHN ADAMS WAS THE ELDEST OF THREE SONS. MR AD AMS WAS A DEACON AND FARMER (WHICH MEANT THE FAMILY WAS NOT WEALTHY). MRS ADAMS WAS BORN FROM ONE OF THE FIRST FAMILIES OF MASSACHUSETTS (THE BOYLSTON’S OWNED A LOT OF PROPERTY). JOHN ADAMS GRADUATED FROM HARVARD IN 1755. UPON GRADUATING, HE WAS OFFERED A JOB TO TEACH IN WORCHESTER. LIKE MOST BACHELORS, JOHN HAD NO INTEREST IN CHILDREN OR THE SLIGHTEST UNDERSTANDING OF THEM. BUT LIKE ANYONE HE ADAPTED TO THE SITUATION, PROBABLY BECAUSE HE HAD TWO YOUNGER BROTHERS. JOHN MARRIED ABIGAIL SMITH IN 1764. ABIGAIL WAS THE SECOND OF FOUR CHILDREN, BORN IN 1744. ABIGAIL WAS A MINISTER’S DAUGHTER ( REV WILLIAM SMITH ) FROM THE NEARBY TOWN OF WEYMOUTH. SHE KNEW OF JOHN THROUGH A COUSIN, HANNAH QUINCY. JOHN WOULD COME TO HER HOUSE WITH HER SISTER’S (MARY) FINANCEE (MR CRANCH). JOHN AND ABIGAIL BEGAN DATING ON THE DAY THE FAMILY PLANNED HER SISTER’S WEDDING. JOHN THOUGHT ABIGAIL WAS THE MOST EDUCATED WOMAN HE HAD MET. ABIGAIL’S MOTHER, ELIZABETH QUINCY, DIDNâ⠂¬â„¢T THINK TOO HIGHLY OF JOHN BECAUSE SHE THOUGHT LAWYERS WERE WICKED. THEY COURTED FOR SOME TIME. MRS SMITH WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DELAY, SUPPOSIVELY SHE COULD NOT BARE TO LOSE TWO DAUGHTERS IN ONE YEAR. UPON MARRIAGE TO JOHN, ABIGAIL MOVED TO BRAINTREE. SHE HAD TO TRANSITION FROM THE POSITION OF A FIRST FAMILY OF WEYMOUTH TO THE MODEST SOCIAL STANDING OF THE ADAMS. SOMEHOW ABIGAIL FOLLOWED THE SAME STEPS AS JOHN’S MOTHER (THE BOYLSTON, WAS ONE OF THE FIRST FAMILIES OF MASSACHUSETTS) WHO THOUGHT TO HAVE MARRIED BENEATH HER WHEN SHE CHOSE JOHN ADAMS.

Balance Based Literacy: Is it the Best Solution?

Literacy has become an important consideration in the field of education. To address literacy problems, educators (Strickland, n. d. ; Frey et al. , 2004) use the Balance Based Literacy Program, which specifically stresses the use of varied approaches to teaching literacy. According to California Department of Education (as cited in Frey et al. , 2004), the term balanced literacy originated in California in 1996. This was made into a curriculum in response to low reading scores of students on a national examination. It promotes the concept that reading and writing must go hand in hand to promote literacy.In contrast to using a specific approach to teaching literacy such as Phonics Approach or Whole Language Approach, Balance Based Literacy combines these approaches and more in order to ensure meeting the goal of literacy. Believing that every student has the capability to learn how to read and write, Balance Based Literacy allows students to achieve a certain literacy level through a combination of approaches relevant to their ability. The literacy model established with balance allows students to plan their own personal progress, and attempt new techniques in learning, with the support of teachers and resources.Based on Frey et al. (2004), many authors believe that combining a balance of teacher-directed instruction and student-centered activities is the most effective way of teaching literacy. In addition, Asselin, and Pearson (as cited in Frey) believe that Balance Based Literacy must include elements of community, authenticity, integration, optimism, modeling, and student control and connectedness. Activities incorporated in Balance Based Literacy include reading and writing aloud, shared reading and writing, guided reading and writing, and independent reading and writing. According to Mrs.Stewart’s Kindergarten Web site, one model of Balance Based Literacy being employed nowadays is the Literacy Collaborative Model. This comprehensive model is desig ned to provide a school-wide approach to improve reading and writing. This model includes a wide range of individual, small-group, and large-group reading and writing activities (Literacy Collaborative Web site). One component of Balance Based Literacy is Reading and Writing Aloud. In Reading Aloud, students learn the language through acquisition. It supports the idea that language is acquired, thus students are asked to read aloud a text to other students.By doing such, the read language registers in the mind of the students, making them learn the language. However, beyond the purpose of learning, the goals of Reading Aloud are to promote enjoyment and emphasize the uses of print (Mrs. Stewart’s Web site). It exposes the students to the uses of printed materials, and develops discussion skills by motivating them to ask questions during the activity. During Reading aloud, students do not need to view the read text. The focus is not on the content of the text, but what the stu dent reads or explains about the text.The selection for such activities may be fiction or nonfiction, or it can be a narrative, or a picture book Another component of Balance Based Literacy is Shared Reading. During Shared Reading, students reformulate ideas from the context. Either the teacher or a proficient student reader reads to the class, while the rest of the students are invited to join in the reading. One important component of shared reading is an enlarged text which is readable by all children. The text used may contain songs, poems, charts, or lists created by the teacher or developed with the class during shared writing activities.During the reading, the teacher or student reader points to or glides a locator on the reading material to guide the students in reading. This is to draw students’ attention to the print in order to promote familiarity with words in the text. Shared reading activities involve multiple readings of books over several days. During the init ial reading, the teacher emphasizes reading for enjoyment while subsequent readings are done to increase participation, and teach vocabulary, ideas, author’s style, and intonation patterns.Through repeated readings of a particular text, children become familiar with word forms and build up recognition of words and phrases used in the text (Bridge, Winograd, & Haley; Pikulski & Kellner, as cited in Frey et al. , 2004). The third reading component of Balance Based Literacy is Guided Reading. In this kind of activity, students are given more chances to express their ideas and feelings through inquiry. As such, it requires more student participation. In most cases, students are grouped together according to their level, and asked to read a text appropriate to their reading ability.In this case, the teacher needs to carefully identify each student’s level to ensure proper assessment. The fourth reading component is Independent Reading. This activity allows the student to ch oose from a wide variety of texts. It aims to make students become confident, motivated and enthusiastic about their ability to read. Considered as an advanced approach to reading, this activity makes use of skills learned during the Reading Aloud, Shared Reading, and Guided Reading activities. The writing components of Balance Based Literacy also ensure variety in the application of approaches and resources.One component is the Shared Writing activity. In this activity, the teacher and the students together decide to write a text in which the teacher acts as the scribe. The activity requires discussion of what they are writing about, and modeling of the teacher on the board how the text should be written. The students are asked to verbally interact with the teacher before, during, and after the activity to help make connections. The second writing component is the Interactive Writing activity. In this activity, either the teacher and the class, or students in groups collaborate to write a material.The students articulate the words or sounds that they are about to write, and discuss with the teacher or group mates what they are writing about. The third component is the Guided Writing or Writing Workshop. This intends to allow students to spend time daily to write about things that interest them. Students are guided to experiment with a variety of genres. The ultimate goal is for students to develop a style of their own, and apply previous learning. In addition to the writing activity itself, the teacher offers a whole class session, small group lesson, or a conference where students can learn and share their written output.The fourth component is the Independent Writing. This activity allows students to write independently by choosing their own topic and genre. By letting them write freely, students develop the natural habit of writing, thereby making them improve along the process. In this kind of activity, teacher evaluation is set aside in order to promote creativity. The components of Balance Based Literacy are directed toward a common goal: to ensure effective strategy in teaching literacy. They support basic literacy theories introduced in the past such as the constructivist, interactive, and experiential theories.Encompassing these theories, Balance Based Literacy may be viewed as a holistic approach to literacy instruction. Taking from the behaviorist theory of B. F. Skinner, the Constructivism theory believes that all knowledge is constructed through a process of reflective abstraction (Huitt, 2003). In the constructivist classroom, the learner is presented with opportunities to construct new knowledge in addition to prior knowledge and experience. In particular, Reading Aloud and Shared Writing support this theory. As students read and write aloud, they learn new sounds and vocabulary, and benefit from the sharing done by their classmates.Interactive Reading and Writing anchor on the Interactive theory. This theory believes tha t learning is best attained through interaction with others. As discussed above, during Interactive Reading and Writing, students are given the opportunity to listen to other’s ideas. All the components mentioned above support the experiential theory. This theory purports that learning will best occur through individual experience. By asking students to read and write aloud, express ideas in interactive activities, and read and write on their own, teachers promote experiential learning as the very basis of their instruction.Although many educators believe in the effectiveness of Balance Based Literacy Instruction, some authors see disadvantages in its application. For instance, Wren (n. d. ) suggests that the needs of the learners must be the first consideration when designing an appropriate program of instruction. He claims that instruction should be patterned to the needs of the learners and not specific of one approach or a balance of many approaches. Another issue regardi ng application of Balance Based Literacy is the specific focus it gives on reading and writing.This tends to neglect other skills such as speaking and listening, which are also important aspects of literacy. To mitigate problems arising from this neglect, the teacher should incorporate speaking and listening resources as tools for reading and writing instruction. For example, instead of focusing on printed materials, guided writing could use listening resources as motivation activities. Furthermore, technological resources should likewise be used to promote a holistic approach. Conclusion Balance Based Literacy has been considered by many as an ideal program to teach literacy.Given its whole rounded and comprehensive approach to reading and writing, it purports not just base learning but mastery of skills in the target areas. In addition, the activities it introduces provide a way to monitor the progress of students, and allow them to experience learning in various ways. Studies val idating the effectiveness of Balance Based Literacy have found its applicability to young learners. However, not much has been said about its applicability to adult learners who are more in need of a balanced instruction.In this regard, it is highly recommended to conduct research on the applicability of the said program of instruction among adult learners. References Balance overview. (n. d. ) Retrieved March 19, 2008, from http://projectcentral. ucf. edu/Past%20Initiatives/BALANCE/index. html Dorothy S. Strickland (n. d. ) Balanced Literacy: Teaching the Skills and thrills of reading. http://teacher. scholastic. com/professional/teachstrat/balanced. htm Frey, Bruce B. , Steve W. Lee, Nona Tollefson &Lisa Pass. (2004). Balanced literacy in an urban school district. Retrieved 17 March 2008, from http://people. ku. edu/~bfrey/balancedliteracy.pdf Kolb, David A. , Richard E. Boyatzis & Charalampos Mainemelis. Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. Retrieve d March 20, 2008, from http://www. learningfromexperience. com/images/uploads/experiential-learning-theory. pdf Literacy collaborative: Our purpose. (n. d. ) Retrieved March 19, 2008, from http://www. literacycollaborative. org/about/characteristics/ Martha Manson French, M. (1999). Planning for literacy instruction: Guidelines for planning and instruction for literacy. Retrieved March 19, 2008, from http://clercdev. gallaudet. edu/cc/Products/Sharing-Ideas/planning/guidelines.html Root, Cathy (n. d. ) Balanced : Reading and writing in the first and second grade classroom an internet-based treasure hunt on balanced literacy. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://www. swlauriersb. qc. ca/english/edservices/pedresources/balancedlit/balancedliteracy. htm Thelen, Jeff. (n. d. ). A balanced literacy program for the upper elementary grades. Retrieved March 19, 2008, from http://curriculum. edenpr. org/~jthelen/languagearts/a_balanced_literacy_program. htm Wren, Sebastian. (n. d. ) What do es a balanced literacy approach mean? Retrieved from http://www. sedl. org/reading/topics/balanced. html